REVIEW: AKTIVITAS ANTIHIPERLIPIDEMIA DARI TANAMAN YANG TERDAPAT DI ARBORETUM GARUT

Abstract

Hiperlipidemia merupakan penyakit gangguan metabolisme yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), dan penurunan kadar High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Review artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji informasi ilmiah mengenai aktivitas antihiperlipidemia dari tanaman-tanaman yang terdapat di Arboretum Garut. Metode penulisan review artikel ini menggunakan studi literatur dengan mencari informasi baik secara offline maupun online. Pencarian literatur secara offline dilakukan dengan mencari data pada buku-buku seperti “Cabe Puyang Warisan Nenek Moyang”, dan “Tanaman-tanaman di Indonesia dan Khasiatnya”, dan “Materia Medika Indonesia”. Studi literatur secara online dilakukan untuk mencari data pada berbagai jurnal dengan bantuan mesin pencari berupa Google Scholar, Elsevier, Pubmed, dan NCBI. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dari 84 tanaman yang terdapat di Arboretum Garut, 16 tanaman diantaranya digunakan secara empiris untuk menurunkan berat badan dan lemak. Sebanyak 11 tanaman telah diteliti aktivitas antihiperlipidemianya, tanaman tersebut adalah nanas (Ananas comusus Merr.), jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle.), temu giring (Curcuma heyneana Vahl.), urang-aring (Eclipta alba Hassk.), manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.), jati Belanda (Guazuma tomestosa K.), mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia Linn.), kemuning (Murraya paniculate Jack.), kunyit putih (Kaempferia angustifolia Rosc.), daun ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus L.), dan delima putih (Pucina granatum Linn.). Efek antihiperlipidemia terbaik ditunjukkan oleh nanas, urang-aring, dan kunyit putih, karena dapat meningkatkan kadar kolesterol HDL; menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL, kolesterol total, dan trigliserida.

Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), and decreased levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). This review article aims to find out and review scientific information about the antihyperlipidemia activity of plants found in the Garut Arboretum. The method of writing this review article uses a literature study by searching for information both offline and online. Offline literature searches were conducted by looking for data in books such as "Cabe Puyang Heritage of the Ancestors", and "Plants in Indonesia and their Efficacy", and "Materia Medika Indonesia". Online literature studies were conducted to search for data in various journals with the help of search engines such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, Pubmed, and NCBI. The results show that of the 84 plants found in the Garut Arboretum, 16 of them are used empirically for weight and fat loss. A total of 11 plants have been studied for their antihyperlipidemic activity, the plants are pineapple (Ananas comusus Merr.), lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle.), temu giring (Curcuma heyneana Vahl.), urang-aring (Eclipta alba Hassk.), mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), Dutch teak (Guazuma tomestosa K.), noni (Morinda citrifolia Linn.), kemuning (Murraya paniculate Jack.), white turmeric (Kaempferia angustifolia Rosc.), ceremai leaves (Phyllanthus acidus L.), and white pomegranate (Pucina granatum Linn.). The best antihyperlipidemia effect was shown by pineapple, urang-aring, and white turmeric, as they could increase HDL cholesterol levels; decrease LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride.