ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF PULAI BASUNG STEM BARK (Alstonia spatulata) AGAINST Escherichia coli AND Staphylococcus aureus

Authors

  • Maslakha Universitas Riau
  • Hilwan Yuda Teruna Universitas Riau
  • Rudi Hendra Universitas Riau

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51887/jpfi.v14i1.2011

Keywords:

Alstonia spatulata, antibacterial, disc diffusion

Abstract

Infeksi bakteri merupakan penyebab utama infeksi kronis yang terus mengancam kesehatan masyarakat. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat merupakan salah satu penyebab utama terjadinya resistensi mikroorganisme patogen, sehingga pengobatan menjadi tidak efektif. Adanya peningkatakan prevalensi patogen yang resisten terhadap obat, maka diperlukan pengembangan obat yang manjur sebagai agen potensial antibakteri yang bersumber dari tumbuhan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri fraksi aktif dari ekstrak metanol tumbuhan pulai basung (Alstonia spatulata) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Kulit batang pulai basung diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi dengan pelarut metanol. Ektrak metanol diekstraksi dengan metode ekstraksi asam basa. Ekstrak metanol dilarutkan dengan NaOH hingga pH 9 dan ditambahkan HCl hingga pH 2. Fraksinasi dilakukan dengan metode cair-cair dengan pelarut n-butanol. Fraksi n-butanol pH 2 dan pH 9 diuji aktivitas antibakterinya dengan metode difusi cakram dengan konsentrasi 10, 100, 500 dan 1000 ppm. Hasil pengujian antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa hanya fraksi pH 2 yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus. Fraksi pH 2 pada konsentrasi 500 dan 1000 ppm memiliki diameter zona hambat berturut-turut sebesar 10,50 mm dan 16,25 mm terhadap bakteri E. coli, dan S. aureus pada konsentrasi 100, 500 dan 1000 ppm berturut-turut 7,50 mm; 10 mm dan 15,50 mm.

Bacterial infections are the main cause of chronic infections that continue to threaten public health. Inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the main causes of resistance among pathogenic microorganisms, resulting in ineffective treatment. With the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens, it is necessary to develop potent drugs as potential antibacterial agents from plant sources. The goal of this study was to find out how effective the active part of the methanol extract from pulai basung (Alstonia spatulata) is at fighting the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Pulai basung stem bark was extracted by maceration with methanol solvent. Methanol extract was extracted by the acid-base extraction method. Methanol extract was dissolved with NaOH to pH 9, and HCl was added to pH 2. Fractionation was carried out by the liquid-liquid partition method with n-butanol solvent. The n-butanol fractions at pH 2 and pH 9 were tested for antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion method with concentrations of 10, 100, 500, and 1000 ppm. The results of the antibacterial test showed that only the pH 2 fraction indicated an antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The pH 2 fraction at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm demonstrated an inhibition zone diameter of 10.50 mm and 16.25 mm against E. coli and S. aureus at concentrations of 100, 500 and 1000 ppm; it showed diameters of 7.50 mm; 10.00 mm and 15.50 mm, respectively.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Altemimi, A., Lakhssassi, N., Baharlouei, A., Watson, D.G. and Lightfoot, D.A. 2017. Phytochemicals: Extraction, isolation, and identification of bioactive compounds from plant extracts. Plants, 6(4).

Cowan, M.M. 1999. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12(4): 564-582.

Cushnie, T.P.T. and Lamb, A.J. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 26(5): 343-356.

Desai, S., Sanghrajka, K. and Gajjar, D. 2019. High adhesion and increased cell death contribute to strong biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pathogens, 8(4): 277.

Dey, A. 2011. Alstonia scholaris R.Br. (Apocynaceae): Phytochemistry and pharmacology: A concise review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 1(6): 51–57.

Esfahanian, E., Adhikari, U., Dolan, K. and Mitchell, J. 2019. Construction of a new dose–response model for Staphylococcus aureus considering growth and decay kinetics on skin. Pathogens, 8(4): 253.

Evans, S.M. and Cowan, M.M. 2016. Plant products as antimicrobial agents, in Cosmetic and Drug Microbiology.

Fadhli, H., Teruna, H.Y. and Jose, C., 2012. Uji toksisitas ekstrak kulit batang pulai basung (Alstonia spatulata BL) dengan metode brine shrimp lethality test. J. Ind. Che. Acta., 3: 1.

Flynn, C.E. and Guarner, J. 2023. Emerging antimicrobial resistance. Modern Pathology, 36(9): 100249.

Gumula, I., Kyarimpa, C., Nanyonga, S.K., Kwesiga, G., Busulwa, G., Opio, B., Heydenreich, M. and Omara, T. 2024. Antibacterial properties of phytochemicals isolated from leaves of alstonia boonei and aerial parts of Ipomoea cairica. Natural Product Communications, 19(9).

Katrin, D., Idiawati, N. and Sitorus, B. 2015. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Daun Malek (Litsea graciae Vidal) Terhadap Bakteri Stapylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Jurnal Kimia Khatulistiwa, 4(1): 7–12.

Khotimah, T.K., Krisridwany, A., Orbayinah, S. and Harimurti, S., 2021. Antibacterial Activity of Fractions from Extract Ethanolic of Hylocereus Polyrhizus Peel Against E. coli and S. aureus. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 1(2): 65-71.

Marchese, A., Barbieri, R., Sanches-Silva, A., Daglia, M., Nabavi, S.F., Jafari, N.J., Izadi, M., Ajami, M. and Nabavi, S.M. 2016. Antifungal and antibacterial activities of allicin: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 52: 49-56.

Morales, G., Sierra, P., Mancilla, A., Paredes, A., Loyola, L.A., Gallardo, O. and Borquez, J., 2003. Secondary metabolites from four medicinal plants from northern Chile: antimicrobial activity and biotoxicity against Artemia salina. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 48(2): 13-18.

Pratap, B., Chakraborthy, G.S. and Mogha, N. 2013. Complete aspects of Alstonia scholaris. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 5(1): 17–26.

Putri, M., W, E.R.P. and Kurniatuhadi, R. 2023. Potensi Ekstrak Metanol Akar dan Batang Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) Sebagai Antibakteri Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 6919 Penyebab Jerawat. Protobiont, 12(2): 43-49.

Rahman, I.W., Arfani, N. and Tadoda, J.V. 2023. Deteksi Bakteri MRSA Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus pada Sampel Darah Pasien Rawat Inap. Jurnal Ilmu Alam dan Lingkungan, 14(1): 48–54.

Ramamurthy, T. and Nair, G.B. 2014. Bacteria: Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Encyclopedia of Food Safety, 1: 555–563.

Ranjbar, R. and Alam, M. 2024. Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators 2022. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: A systematic analysis. Evidence-Based Nursing.

Risal, D. 2023. Isolasi dan Uji Toksisitas Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Fraksi Kloroform pH 12 dari Kulit Batang Pulai Basung Alstonia spatulata. Skripsi [Preprint].

Sanam, M.U.E., Detha, A.I.R. and Rohi, N.K. 2022. Detection of antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from Sumba mare’s milk, against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 9(1).

Utami, R., Winarsih, D., Fernando, A., Fadhli, H., Furi, M. and Susanti, E., 2020. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak dan Fraksi dari Akar dan Batang Tumbuhan Sekunyit (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour). JFI, 12(2): 105-114.

Zhao, M.X., Cai, J., Yang, Y., Xu, J., Liu, W.Y., Akihisa, T., Li, W., Kikuchi, T., Feng, F. and Zhang, J. 2023. Traditional uses, chemical composition and pharmacological activities of Alstonia R. Br. (Apocynaceae): A review. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 16(8): 104857.

Zuraida and Sulistiyani 2020. Screening phytochemical compound of Alstonia scholaris R.Br in different sites in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 591(1).

Downloads

Published

30-06-2025

How to Cite

Maslakha, Hilwan Yuda Teruna, & Rudi Hendra. (2025). ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF PULAI BASUNG STEM BARK (Alstonia spatulata) AGAINST Escherichia coli AND Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi Indonesia, 14(1), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.51887/jpfi.v14i1.2011

Issue

Section

Articles